Machine made hair net and the like



April 3 R. sHAw MAGHiNE MADE HAIR NET vAND THE LIKE 2 Sheets- Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 4, 1945 r o t n e v n I ROBERT SHAW,

Patented Apr. 18, 194-4 Robert .Shaw, .Nottingham,.England, assignor to Robert "Shaw an Comp ham, England any, Limited, Notting- Application January i, 1943, Serial No. 47:1;286

"In-Great'Britain January 7, v194:2

3 (Dial-ms. lQl. 132--.49)

This invention relates :to improvements in machine made hair-nets and theflike.

The expression hair-nets used hereinincludes open -:mesh articles :of "wear which ladies employ for keeping the hair "in position during the day and night; sometimes they are referred to as slumber caps, sports nets .or similarly. It also includes open mesh 'bag shaped structures not intended for wear but capable of being used for other purposes. It has been customary iormany years to import from China hand "made 'hair nets, usually made of human hair, comprising net structure :of bag shape, such shape being imparted to the articles by reducing the size of the mesh or openings around the edge of the open mouth or end of the article. One of the :advantages of hair nets of this type over the machine made type employing an elastic thread around the edge of the open end to impart'a bag shape to the article is that they are less conspicuous in use (consequent upon the absence of the comparatively thick elastic thread) but due to the present state of emergency the importation of such hair nets has of necessity been discontinued. The principal object of the present invention is to produce on a machine a hair net which will closely simulate the previously imported hand made hair nets.

With this and other objects in View the invention consists in producing on amachine (preferably a twist lace machine of the Levers .or'z-go through type) a hair net in tubular form to which a bag-like shape is imparted.

In one method of carrying the invention into eiiect such shape is imparted by reducing the size of the mesh at or near that end which forms the open mouth of the bag.

In an alternative method of carrying the invention into effect a slot or opening is formed in the tube which is closed at each end the length of such slot or opening being less than the distance between the two ends.

In order that the invention ma be more readily understood reference will now bemad-e to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 illustrates a length of tubular net from which a hair net is formed in accordance-With one method of carrying the invention into effect.

Figure 2 -is an enlarged view showing how a hair net is formed from the length er net depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 8 is .a perspective view of the hair not ready for use.

Figures f4 :and 5illustrate modified methods of carrying the invention into efiect.

Figure "6 illustrates a further embodiment of the'inventionan'd Figure"7.is:a detail'view.

As previously stated, hair nets in accordance with this invention are preferably produced on twist lace machines of the Levers ergo-through type. V

In the production of the embodiment illustrated in Figures '1, 2 and 3 *a plurality of lengths of net as shown in Figure '1- are produced across the "width of the machine and successive lengths may be connected by draw threads in amanner I well known in the art. Each length is of tubular formation 'joine'dat intervals so that each length "comprises a series of tubes I closed at eachend-Z and 3. The manufacture of tubular fabrics on twist lace machines is known in the art and to produce the tubular sections alternate bobbins twist with 'front warps and the remaining bobbin twist with back warps except at each edge 4 where at least one bobbin twists with a front and back warp to unite the front and back faces of the fabrics and'thus form a tube. l

a preferred method of carrying the invention into eflect the manner -of joining the two faces is as follows: An edge war-p of the iront face pillars with an edge bobbin of that face whilst'an edge war-p of the rearfacepillars with an edge bobbin \o fthe rear face; Each of these two warps then ties with the edge bobbin of the other face on the same motion and on the next succeeding motion recommences pillarin with the first-mentioned bobbin. This sequence of motions is continued with the result that a net structure is formed between the edges of the two faces which is substantially the same as the structure of the two faces. 'InFig. 7 there is illustrated a small length of the join between the two edges and in this figure 1S! and 20 are edge warps-of the "front and rear 'faces respectively and 21 and 22 are edge bobbins of the front and rear faces respectively. consequent upon the tension of all the bobbin threads being substantially equal 'to one another and the tension of all the warp threads being substantially equal to one another the warp threads l9 and '20 are puil'ed towardsone another so that they join at a midway position bringing the bobbin with them.

Each end 2 and 3- of each successive tube is closed by pillaring 5 as shown or by clothing; the pillaring or clothing is produced fora few motions by causing bobbins of the front and rear faces of the tube to twist with both back and front warps.

The front and rear faces of each tube are of open work net formations but at. one end and if desired at each end of each tube (end 2 in Figure 1) for a short distance it immediately following the pillaring the size of the mesh is reduced. This may be accomplished in well known manner by reducing the speed of takeup or by increasing the number of motions. The lengths of tubes are now removed from the machine and severed along the lines A in such manner that a plurality of tubes are obtained closed at the one end 3 by the pillaring 5 or clothing and open at the other end 2 by virtue of the fact that at each end the line of severance is through the part of closer mesh :1 immediately next to the pillaring. This will be clear by reference to Figure 2 which shows a complete hair net in the centre and the open end of the next adjacent net immediately thereabove and the closed end of the next adjacent hair net immediately therebelow after being severed in manner described.

The shape of the finished net opened out for use is depicted in Figure 3, and it will be seen that such net is of bag shape, such shape being imparted to it by virtue of the area of closer mesh a which necessarily constitutes a constriction at the open mouth. In use the short length of pillaring indicated at 6 and the short lengths of the legs of the net 1 formed by severing (see Figures 2 and 3) are comparatively inconspicuous, particularly if the net is turned inside out so that the pillaring is disposed interiorly of the hair net.

In-the modified embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 a length of tubular openwork mesh fabric is produced joined at intervals by pillaring indicated at 8 or by clothing or otherwise. Conveniently across the width of the machine a plurality of such lengths is produced simultaneously and adjacent lengths may be joined by drawn threads or otherwise as desired.

The tubes are produced in manner previously described but in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 there is no area of mesh of reduced size but in the length of each tube or slot an opening 9 is formed. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4 this opening is formed centrally of the one (say front face) of the tube. For the production of the front and back faces one set of bobbins (say, alternate bobbins) twist with the front warps and the remaining bobbins twist with the back warps and at each edge In, H at least one bobbin of each set twists with both front and back warps. After a length of pillaring 8 has been formed a short length of tubular fabric is produced and the slit or opening 9 is then formed by so actuating the warps (the front warps in the example under discussion) that two adjacent warps are not tied by the first set of bobbins for a predetermined manner of motions. When the requisite length of opening has been formed these two adjacent warps are now tied by the bobbins and a further length of tubular fabric 0'. (preferably of the same length as c) is produced and thereafter the tube is closed by the pillaring 8.

In the modified construction illustrated in Fi ure intermediate the lengths of tubular fabric c, c which as previously are each produced immediately after the pillaring 8a slit or opening is formed along the edge I I by causing the front warps along such edge to twist only with one Set of bobbins and the back warps to twist only with the remaining bobbins.

After the lengths of tubular fabric closed at intervals by the pillaring have been removed from the machine they are severed intermediate each length of pillaring and each severed portion constitutes a tube closed at each end by the pillaring 8 and having a central opening 9. By virtue of the fact that this opening is of less length than the distance between the pillaring 8 and is disposed centrally with respect thereto a bag shape is imparted to the finished article. It will be appreciated that one of the advantages of the constructions shown in Figures 4 and 5 over the previously described construction is that the nets have a finished unbroken edge around the opening; the small lengths of pillaring are comparatively inconspicuous in use, particularly if the net is turned inside out so that the pillaring is disposed interiorly.

If desired, and in order to assist in imparting a bag shape to each hair net the size of the mesh may be progressively varied, being smaller at each end (that is adjacent the pillaring) and of greater size at a position midway between successive pillarings.

In addition to or in lieu of varying the size of the mesh to assist in imparting a bag shape to the hair nets the nets may be positively shaped in manufacture. One method of shaping is to tie the front and back faces at intervals along a line extending inwardly towards the longitudinal centre line at one or both ends of each tube. For example, the front and back faces may be tied at any or all of the groups of positions marked l2, I3, [4 and I5 in Figure 6. In this figure there is shown a tube I! closed at intervals by pillaring I8 (although it will be understood that clothing may be used instead of pillaring). A plurality of these tubes is preferably produced simultaneously across the breadth of the machine and the tubes may be of the type previously described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 and severed in the manner hereinbefore described to constitute a plurality of independent hair nets substantially of the type shown in Figure 3. In the alternative the tubes may be of the type described with reference to Figure 4 or Figure 5.

A convenient method of tying the front and back faces of each tube consists in the use of independent threads, that is threads drawn from a separate beam there being preferably two of such threads for eifecting the ties at H and/0r l3 and two more of such threads for effecting the ties at I 4 and/or l5. Each beam thread is preferably substantially identical with each warp thread of each face and all of the beam threads may be drawn off the same beam or they may be drawn of independent beams. The two beam threads of each pair lie in substantially the same vertical plane when threaded-up in the machine. They tie the two faces in the same manner that the edge bobbins tie such faces; that is in the manner previously described with reference to Figure 7. At a position midway between successive pillarings the beam threads lie on the edge of each face and may tie-in with the edge warps or may themselves constitute the edge warps. Between said midway position and each pillaring or one thereof the beam threads lie progressively towards the longitudinal centre line (that is longitudinal axis of the tube). The beam threads may as indicated lie on the extreme edge for a distance ure 6).

on each side of the midway line between successive pillarings as indicated in Figure 6. The beam threads are tied-inin' the pillaring and if nets of the type illustrated in Figure 4 or are being produced the beam threads then move progressively outwards as indicated at I2 and M in Figure 6. If, however, a net of the type illustrated in Figures 1 to -3 is being produced the beam threads preferably move outwardly during the pillaring so that they are at each edge immediately after the pillaring and tie in along each edge until the first half of the distance from 2 to 3 (Figure 1) has been passed and then move in along the lines l3 and I5 (Fig- In the alternative the tubes are made in the opposite direction; that is after the pillaring a length of net is produced the size of which is reduced immediately before the next pillaring is made. In this event the beam threads will lie in the pillaring near the longitudinal axis, will move outwardly towards the midway position between the pillarings, will then lie on the edge and will finally move in during the formation of the next pillaring. After the tubes have been removedfrom the machine they are severed as previously described and in addition the fabric of the tube lying to the outside of each beam thread (that is the areas r shown in Figure 6) are or may beremoved by cutting. One of the advantages of tying the two faces in manner described is that each hair net is better shaped to fit the head of the wearer; a substantially square corner at each end is avoided and the number of severed pillars at one end or both ends of each finished net (depending upon which of the previously described types of net is produced) is reduced with the result that the severed pillars are less conspicuous in use.

As previously stated hair nets in accordance with this invention closely simulate in appearance the previously known hand made hair nets of human hair; they can be produced cheaply on twist lace machines and can be made from any suitable yarn such as silk, rayon, cotton, wool or any admixture of yarns.

I claim:

1. A machine-made hair net, comprising a length of tubular twist-lace fabric, the ends of complemental strands in the front and rear faces of the tube at each end thereof being joined to close such ends, and the side of said tube having a longitudinal opening intermediate said closed ends.

2. A machine-made hair net, comprising a length of tubular twist-lace fabric, the ends of complemental strands in the front and rear faces of the tube at each end thereof being pillar-ed to close such ends, and the side of the tube being provided intermediate said closed ends with a longitudinal opening having a finished unbroken edge.

3. A machine-made hair net, comprising a length of tubular twist-lace fabric, strands in the front and rear faces of the tube being tied together at intervals along curved lines extending from the meeting edges of said front and rear faces toward the longitudinal center line of the faces, to shape the net.

ROBERT SHAW. 

